Emisiones de dióxido de carbono y ecoeficiencia del hormigón tradicional y modificado.  Revisión de literatura

Oscar Felipe Arbelaez-Perez; Jorge Hernán Gómez-Ospina; Santiago Herrera-Herrera; Cristian Ferney Rodríguez-Rojas

doi:10.33571/rpolitec.v20n40a4

Autores/as

Oscar Felipe Arbelaez-Perez Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-5333
Jorge Hernán Gómez-Ospina Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2937-3227
Santiago Herrera-Herrera Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5880-8964
Cristian Ferney Rodríguez-Rojas Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4237-8608

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33571/rpolitec.v20n40a4

Palabras clave:

Concretos modificados, Emisiones de CO2, Ecoeficiencia, Residuos agroindustriales

Resumen

El impacto ambiental negativo de las emisiones de CO₂ provenientes de la industria del hormigón, requiere la sustitución de los materiales tradicionales, por residuos que permitan mejorar las propiedades mecánicas, y disminuir las emisiones de CO₂. Esta revisión recopila la información de artículos entre 2000 y 2021 y se analizan las características de diseño y los resultados encontrados en las propiedades mecánicas y en las emisiones de CO₂ de los hormigones. Asimismo, se calculó la ecoeficiencia de las mezclas. Se encontró que las emisiones dependen del tipo de sustituto, de su porcentaje de sustitución, y de las condiciones de diseño (relación agua/cemento y resistencia a compresión). Se discuten las perspectivas frente al tema y los desafíos que enfrenta la industria del hormigón. Se espera que esta revisión motive incluir el cálculo de las emisiones y la ecoeficiencia de los hormigones como parámetro para cuantificar su impacto ambiental.

The negative environmental impact of CO2 emissions from the concrete industry requires the substitution of traditional materials with waste materials to improve mechanical properties and reduce CO2 emissions. This review compiles information from articles between 2000 and 2021 and analyzes the design characteristics and the results found in the mechanical properties and CO2 emissions of concrete. Also, the eco-efficiency of the mixes was calculated. It was found that emissions depend on the type of substitute, its substitution percentage, and the design conditions (water/cement ratio and compressive strength). Perspectives on the issue and the challenges facing the concrete industry are discussed. It is expected that this review will motivate to include the calculation of emissions and eco-efficiency of concrete as a parameter to quantify its environmental impact.

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