Evaluación del efecto de extractos vegetales para el control de enfermedades poscosecha del  aguacate HASS

Estefanía Quintero-Rodríguez; Paulina Montoya-Vargas; Lorena López-Luján; Sebastián Guzmán-Cabrera; Olga Aristizábal-Sepúlveda; Juan Carlos Bedoya-Pérez

doi:10.33571/rpolitec.v20n40a11

Autores/as

Estefanía Quintero-Rodríguez Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas
Paulina Montoya-Vargas Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas
Lorena López-Luján Safer Agrobiológicos SAS https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3209-6153
Sebastián Guzmán-Cabrera Safer Agrobiológicos SAS https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-5038
Olga Aristizábal-Sepúlveda Safer Agrobiológicos SAS
Juan Carlos Bedoya-Pérez Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-9190

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33571/rpolitec.v20n40a11

Palabras clave:

Antracnosis, hongos fitopatógenos, aguacate, extractos vegetales, control biológico

Resumen

En este trabajo se evaluó el potencial de extractos vegetales de la familia Lamiaceae (orégano, tomillo y romero) para controlar enfermedades poscosecha en frutos de aguacate Hass. Inicialmente, se determinó la actividad in vitro de extractos vegetales sobre Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Posteriormente, se evaluó la actividad in vivo de formulaciones a base de estos extractos sobre frutos infectados artificialmente. Además, se utilizó Raphanus sativus como modelo vegetal para determinar el efecto fitotóxico del formulado con mayor potencial para controlar los fitopatógenos evaluados. Finalmente, el bioformulado seleccionado fue evaluado bajo condiciones reales en planta empacadora. La aplicación del bioformulado generó una protección del 84 y 60% frente a C. gloeosporioides y L. theobromae, respectivamente. Los resultados indicaron un alto potencial del bioformulado como alternativa para el control de enfermedades poscosecha en aguacate y representa una oportunidad para favorecer la implementación de esquemas de producción limpia en el sector agropecuario.

This study evaluated the potential of plant extracts from the Lamiaceae family (oregano, thyme, and rosemary) for controlling post-harvest diseases in Hass avocado fruits. The in vitro activity of organic extracts on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae was determined. Subsequently, the activity of extract formulations was evaluated on artificially infected fruits. Besides, Raphanus sativus was used as a plant model to determine the phytotoxic effect of the formulation with the highest potential for controlling the evaluated phytopathogens. Finally, a selected bioformulation was evaluated in a packing plant under real conditions. The bioformulation provided 84 and 60% protection against C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae, respectively. The results indicated a high potential for these extracts in the development of commercial products that can contribute to the sustainable growth of the agricultural sector under clean production schemes.

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