Teuken Bidikay - Revista Latinoamericana de Investigación en Organizaciones, Ambiente y Sociedad

Vol. 11 Núm. 16 (2020): CIENCIA, TECNOLOGÍA E INNOVACIÓN PARA LA SOSTENIBILIDAD EN AMÉRICA LATINA
Artículos

Innovación y empleo. Paradojas sociales y económicas.

PDF
  • Joost Heijs,
  • Guillermo Arenas Díaz
Joost Heijs
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Biografía
Guillermo Arenas Díaz
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Biografía
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33571/teuken.v11n16a3

Publicado 2020-05-26

Palabras clave

  • innovación,
  • empleo,
  • cambio tecnológico sesgador de habilidades y rutinas,
  • polarización de empleo

Cómo citar

Heijs, J., & Arenas Díaz, G. (2020). Innovación y empleo. Paradojas sociales y económicas. Teuken Bidikay - Revista Latinoamericana De Investigación En Organizaciones, Ambiente Y Sociedad, 11(16), 55–90. https://doi.org/10.33571/teuken.v11n16a3
Aviso de derechos de autor/a
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Resumen

La relación entre la innovación y el empleo es un tema debatido desde los inicios del capitalismo. A menudo, domina la visión pesimista, donde la nueva tecnología tiende a desplazar la mano de obra existente, como es el caso de la actual discusión sobre la robotización y la inteligencia artificial. Sin embargo, la evidencia empírica muestra que las tasas de empleo siguen creciendo a pesar de la introducción de nuevas máquinas. El objetivo del artículo es revisar las tendencias y teorías respecto a la relación innovación versus empleo tanto en términos cuantitativos como cualitativos. Además, se discute de forma crítica el impacto que tienen las nuevas tecnologías sobre las relaciones laborales en términos del bienestar social y la distribución internacional del empleo y la riqueza.
PDF

Citas

  1. ACEMOGLU, Daron. (2002). Technical change, inequality, and the labor market. Journal of economic literature, Vol. 40, Nº 1. Pp. 7-72. DOI: 10.1257/0022051026976
  2. ACEMOGLU, Kamer Daron & RESTREPO, Pascual. (2017). Robots and jobs: Evidence from US labor markets. NBER Working Paper, Nº 23285. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w23285. Consultado 10.10.2019
  3. AKERLOF, George Arthur & SHILLER, Robert. (2009). How animal spirits destabilize economies. McKinsey Quarterly, Vol. 3. Pp. 127-135.
  4. ANTONUCCI, Tommaso & PIANTA, Mario. (2002). Employment effects of product and process innovation in Europe. International Review of Applied Economics, Vol. 16, Nº 3. Pp. 295-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692170210136127
  5. ARNTZ, Melanie, GREGORY, Terry & ZIERAHN, Ulrich. (2017). Revisiting the risk of automation. Economics Letters, Vol. 159. Pp.157–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2017.07.001
  6. AUTOR, David, KATZ, Lawrence & KEARNEY, Melissa S. (2008). Trends in US wage inequality: Revising the revisionists. The Review of economics and statistics, Vol. 90, Nº 2. Pp. 300-323. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.2.300
  7. AUTOR, David, LEVY, Frank & MURNANE, Richard J. (2003). The skill content of recent technological change: An empirical exploration. The Quarterly journal of economics, Vol. 118, Nº 4. Pp. 1279-1333. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355303322552801
  8. BANCO MUNDIAL. (2018). Poverty and Shared Prosperity: Piecing Together the Poverty Puzzle (Washington, DC: Grupo Banco Mundial). Retrieved from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity
  9. BERMAN, Eli BOUND, John & MACHIN, Stephen. (1998). Implications of skill-biased technological change: international evidence. The quarterly journal of economics, Vol. 113, Nº4. Pp. 1245-1279. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355398555892
  10. BOGLIACINO, Francesco & VIVARELLI, Marco. (2012). The job creation effect of R&D expenditures. Australian Economic Papers, Vol. 51, Nº 2, Pp. 96-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2012.00425.x
  11. BOGLIACINO, Francesco, PIVA, Mariacristina & VIVARELLI, Marco. (2014). Technology and employment: The job creation effect of business R&D. Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Sociali, Vol. 122, Nº 3. Pp 239-264. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43830213
  12. BROWN, Phillip, HESKETH, Anthony & WILLIAMS, Sara. (2004). The mismanagement of talent: Employability and jobs in the knowledge economy. 1ª ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 288 pp.
  13. BRYNJOLFSSON, Erik, ROCK, Daniel & SYVERSON, Chad. (2017). Artificial intelligence and the modern productivity paradox: A clash of expectations and statistics. National Bureau of Economic Research, Nº 24001. https://doi.org/10.3386/w24001
  14. CALVINO, Flavio & VIRGILLITO, Maria Enrica. (2018). The innovation-employment nexus: A critical survey of theory and empirics. Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 32, Nº 1. Pp. 83-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12190
  15. CARDOSO, Walter, SACOMANO, José Benito, CONTADOR, José Celso & TELLES, Renato. (2018). Planned obsolescence or planned resource depletion? A sustainable approach. Journal of cleaner production, Vol. 195. Pp. 744-752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.222
  16. CHANG, Ha-Joon & SALOMÓN, Mónica (2004). Retirar la escalera: la estrategia del desarrollo en perspectiva histórica. Madrid: Los libros de la Catarata. 247 pp.
  17. DAVID, Paul. (1991), Behind the Diffusion Curve. Oxford: Westview Press. 150 pp.
  18. DE BACKER, Koen, DESTEFANO, Timothy, MENON, Carlo & SUH, Jung. (2018). Industrial robotics and the global organisation of production. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 03. Pp. 1-43. https://doi.org/10.1787/dd98ff58-en
  19. DORN, David. (2016). The rise of the machines: How computers have changed work. UBS Center Public Paper Series 4, University of Zurich: UBS International Center of Economics in Society. Retrieved from: https://www.ubscenter.uzh.ch/de/publications/public_papers.html. Consultado: 17.08.2019.
  20. DOSI, Giovanni & NELSON, Richard. (2010). Technical change and industrial dynamics as evolutionary processes (pp. 51-127). In: B. H. Hall & N. Rosenberg (Eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  21. FALK, Martin & BIAGI, Federico. (2017). Relative demand for highly skilled workers and use of different ICT technologies. Applied Economics, Vol. 49, Nº 9. Pp. 903-914. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1208357
  22. FAO. (2012). Pérdidas y desperdicio de alimentos en el mundo. Alcance, causas y prevención. Roma. Disponible en Internet: http://www.fao.org/3/i2697s/i2697s00.htm. Consultado: 5.07.2019.
  23. FORD, Martin. (2015). The rise of the robots: Technology and the threat of mass unemployment. 1ª ed. London: One world publications. 295 pp.
  24. FREEMAN, Chris & SOETE, Luc. (1987). Factor substitution and technical change (pp. 2187-2183). In: C. Freeman & L. Soete (Eds.), Technical Change and Full Employment. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  25. FREEMAN, Chris & SOETE, Luc. (1994). Work for all or mass unemployment? Computarised technical change into the twenty-first century (N° 331.101. 5 FRE). 193 pp.
  26. FREEMAN, Chris, CLARK, John, & SOETE, Luc. (1982), Unemployment and Technical Innovation: A study of long waves and economic development. London: Pinter. 252 pp.
  27. FREY, Carl Benedikt & OSBORNE, Michael. (2017). The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 114. Pp. 254–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
  28. GOOS, Maarten, MANNING, Alan, & SALOMONS, Anna. (2014). Explaining job polarization: Routine-biased technological change and offshoring. American Economic Review, Vol. 104, Nº 8. Pp. 2509-2526. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.8.2509
  29. GRAETZ, Georg & MICHAELS, Guy. (2015). Robots at Work. CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP10477. Retrieved from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2575781. Consultado: 23.09.2019.
  30. GREGORY, Paul. (1947). A theory of purposeful obsolescence. Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 14, Nº 1. Pp. 24-45. https://doi.org/10.2307/1052870
  31. GRILICHES, Zvi. (1969). Capital-skill complementarity. The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 51, Nº 4. Pp. 465-468. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926439
  32. HARRISON, Rupert, JAUMANDREU, Jordi, MAIRESSE, Jacques & PETERS, Bettina. (2008). Does Innovation Stimulate Employment? A Firm-Level Analysis using Comparable Micro-Data from Four European Countries. NBER Working Paper 14216.Cambridge MA: NBER. Retrieved from: http://www.nber.org/papers/w14216. Consultado: 23.09.2019.
  33. HARRISON, Rupert, JAUMANDREU, Jordi, MAIRESSE, Jacques & PETERS, Bettina. (2014). Does innovation stimulate employment? A firm-level analysis using comparable micro-data from four European countries. International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 35. Pp. 29-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2014.06.001
  34. HEIJS Joost, MARQUÉS, Gabriel y COVADONGA, María. (2016). El impacto de las innovaciones de producto y proceso sobre el empleo industrial. En: VERGARA, Delia Margarita. Innovación, salarios, y eficiencia productiva. Ciudad de Méjico (Méjico): Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas UNAM.
  35. HEIJS, Joost, ARENAS, Díaz & VERGARA, Delia Margarita. (2019). Impact of innovation on employment in quantitative terms: review of empirical literature based on microdata. Working Paper in MPRA. Retrieved from: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/95326 Consultado: 12.10.2019.
  36. HICKS, John Richard. (1932). The Theory of Wages. 1a ed. London: Macmillan. 247 pp.
  37. HOBSBAWM, Eric J. (1952). The Machine Breakers (pp. 57-70). In Past & Present, Nº 1. Retrieved from: www.jstor.org/stable/649989
  38. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE (2018). Ensuring decent working time for the future: General Survey concerning working-time instruments. Report III (B), International Labour Conference, 107th Session, Geneva. 2018.
  39. JAIMOVICH, Nir, SIU, Henry. (2012). The trend is the cycle: Job polarization and jobless recoveries (No. w18334). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  40. JENKINS, David Trevor. (1994). The Textile Industries. In: Church, R.A. & Wrigley, E.A. (Eds.), The Industrial Revolution in Britain. Oxford: Blackwell.
  41. KATSOULACOS, Yannis S. (1986). The employment effect of technical change: A theoretical study of new technology and the labor market. London: University of Nebraska Press.
  42. KEYNES, John M. (1930). Economic possibilities for our grandchildren. In Essays in persuasion. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  43. KEYNES, John M. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest and money. In The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes. 1ª ed. London: Macmillan.
  44. LONDON, Bernard. (1932). Ending the depression through planned obsolescence. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
  45. MACHIN, Stephen. (2001). The changing nature of labour demand in the new economy and skill biased technology change. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 63, Nº 1. Pp. 753-776.
  46. MADDISON, Angus. (2001). The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, Development Centre Studies. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264189980-en
  47. MAITRE‐EKERN, Eléonore & DALHAMMAR, Carl. (2016). Regulating planned obsolescence: a review of legal approaches to increase product durability and reparability in Europe. Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, Vol. 25, Nº3. Pp. 378-394. https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12182
  48. MANSFIELD, Edwin. (1963). Intrafirm rates of diffusion of an innovation. The review of economics and statistics, Vol. 45, Nº 4. Pp. 348-359. https://doi.org/10.2307/1927919
  49. MARX, Karl. (1867). El Capital. 1ª ed. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House. 3183 pp.
  50. MARX, Karl. (1969). Theories of Surplus Value. London: Lawrence & Wishart. 1910 pp.
  51. MCKINSEY GLOBAL INSTITUTE (2017). A future that works: Automation, employment and productivity, McKinsey Global Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Featured%20Insights/Digital%20Disruption/Harnessing%20automation%20for%20a%20future%20that%20works/MGI-A-future-that-works_Full-report.ashx
  52. MESSENGER, Jon. (2018). Working time and the future of work, Future of Work Research Paper Series. ILO No. 6. Geneva: International Labur Organization.
  53. MILL, John Stuart. (1976). On politics and society. Glasgow: Fontana Press. 412 pp.
  54. MURO, Mark, MAXIM, Robert & WHITON, Jacob. (2019). Automation and Artificial Intelligence: How Machines are Affecting People and Places. Washington: Metropolitan Policy Program. 108 pp.
  55. NELSON, Richard & PHELPS, Edmund. (1966). Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion and Economic Growth. The American Economic Review, Vol. 56, Nº 1/2. Pp. 69-75. www.jstor.org/stable/1821269
  56. OECD (2016). “The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries, A Comparative Analysis”. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 189. Paris: OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jlz9h56dvq7-en
  57. OECD (2019). OECD Employment Outlook 2019: The Future of Work. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9ee00155-en
  58. PASINETTI, Luigi. (1981). Structural Change and Economic Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 300 pp.
  59. PÉREZ, Carlota. (2002). Technological revolutions and financial capital: the dynamics of bubbles and Golden ages. Cheltenham (UK): Edward Elgar. 119 pp.
  60. PETERS, Bettina, HUD, Martin, DACHS, Bernhard & KÖHLER, Christian. (2017). Employment Effects of Innovations over the Business Cycle: Firm-Level Evidence from European Countries, Beiträge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2912140
  61. PIANTA, Mario. (2000). The employment impact of product and process innovations (pp. 77-95). In: M. Pianta & M. Vivarelli (Eds.), The employment impact of innovation: Evidence and Policy. Routledge.
  62. PIANTA, Mario. (2005). ‘Innovation and Employment’. In: J. Fagerberg, D.C. Mowery and R.R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203458686
  63. PIGOU, Arthur Cecil. (1933). The Theory of Unemployment. London: McMillan. 348 pp.
  64. PORTER, Michael E. (1993). The competitive advantage of nations. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Management Programs. Pp. 73-93.
  65. PREBISCH, Raúl & MARTÍNEZ, Gustavo. (1949). El desarrollo económico de la América Latina y algunos de sus principales problemas. El trimestre económico, Vol. 16, Nº 63. Pp. 347-431. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20855070
  66. PREBISCH, Raúl. (1950). The Economic Development of Latin America and its Principal Problems. New York: United Nations.
  67. RICARDO, David. (1821). The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo: Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 444 pp.
  68. ROSENBERG, Nathan. (1976). Perspectives on technology. 1ª ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 364 pp.
  69. ROSER, Max; ORTIZ-OSPINA, Esteban (2020) - "Income Inequality". Published online at OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/income-inequality' [Online Resource]
  70. SALTER, W.E.G. (1960). Productivity and Technical Change. 2ª ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 198 pp.
  71. SCHUMPETER, Joseph. (1942). Creative destruction. Capitalism, socialism and democracy. 3ª ed. New York: Harper & Row. Pp. 82-85.
  72. SCHUMPETER, Joseph. (1939). Business cycles. 1a ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 466 pp.
  73. SINGER, Hans. (1998). The terms of trade fifty years later-convergence and divergence. The South Letter, Vol. 30, Nº 1. Pp. 1-5.
  74. TETHER, Bruce, MINA, Andrea, CONSOLI, Davide & GAGLIARDI, Dimitri. (2005). A Literature review on skills and innovation. How does successful innovation impact on the demand for skills and how do skills drive innovation? A CRIC report for The Department of Trade and Industry, ESRC Centre for Research on Innovation and Competition: University of Manchester.
  75. UNESCO (2005). UNESCO Science Report del 2005. Disponible en Internet: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000143007 Consultado: 30.08.2019.
  76. VAN REENEN, John. (1997). Employment and technological innovation: Evidence from UK manufacturing firms. Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 1, Nº 2. Pp. 255-284. www.jstor.org/stable/2535390
  77. VIOLANTE, Giovanni L. (2008). Skill-biased technical change. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2388-1
  78. VIVARELLI, Marco. (1995). The Economics of Technology and Employment: Theory and Empirical Evidence. 1ª ed. Aldershot (UK): Edward Elgar.
  79. VIVARELLI, Marco. (2007). Innovation and employment: a survey IZA Discussion Papers, No. 2621. Retrieved from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=969621 Consultado: 7.08.2019.
  80. VIVARELLI, Marco. (2012). Innovation, employment and skills in advanced and developing countries: A survey of the literature. Journal of Economic Issues, No. 6291. Pp. 1-61.
  81. VIVARELLI, Marco. (2014). Innovation, employment and skills in advanced and developing countries: A survey of economic literature. Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 48, Nº 1. Pp. 123-154. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624480106
  82. WEBB, Michael. (2019). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Labor Market. (November 6, 2019). 61 pp Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3482150 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3482150
  83. WELCH, Finis. (1970). Education in Production. Journal of political economy, Vol. 78. Pp. 312-27.
  84. WESTKÄMPER, Engelbert. (2014). Towards the Re-Industrialization of Europe: A Concept for Manufacturing for 2030. Berlin: Springer. 124 pp.
  85. WICKSELL, Knut. (1961). Lectures on Political Economy. London: Routledge & Kegan. 1906 pp.