Aleaciones metálicas para aplicaciones ortopédicas: una revisión sobre su respuesta al estrés fisiológico y a los procesos de corrosión

Katherine Ríos-Puerta; Omar Darío  Gutiérrez-Florez

doi:10.33571/rpolitec.v18n35a2

Autores/as

Katherine Ríos-Puerta Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Calle 73 No 76A-354 Vía al Volador, Medellín, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-2053
Omar Darío Gutiérrez-Florez Grupo de Química Básica, Aplicada y Ambiente, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Calle 73 No 76A-354 Vía al Volador, Medellín 050034, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-6224

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33571/rpolitec.v18n35a2

Palabras clave:

aleaciones metálicas, biocompatible, corrosión, ortopedia

Resumen

El campo de los biomateriales y sus aplicaciones contribuyen significativamente a la salud y calidad de vida de las personas. Aunque existen varios grupos de biomateriales como cerámicos, polímeros, metales y todos en un determinado porcentaje se utilizan para diferentes procedimientos con objetivos específicos, este artículo de revisión se centra en los metales y sus aleaciones, la resistencia de estos a la corrosión en un entorno biológico y la protección contra el estrés fisiológico. Para esta revisión se seleccionaron artículos que permiten describir dichos aspectos de las aleaciones metálicas utilizadas en aplicaciones ortopédicas partiendo de una detallada búsqueda electrónica, a partir de ello, se concluye que la resistencia a la corrosión y el estrés fisiológico son dos aspectos tan neurálgicos que muchas de las investigaciones realizadas tienen como objetivo mejorarlos garantizando el éxito de la osteosíntesis y la recuperación satisfactoria del paciente.

The field of biomaterials and their applications contribute significantly to the health and quality of life of people. Although there are several groups of biomaterials such as ceramics, polymers, metals and all of them in a certain percentage are used for different procedures with specific objectives, this review article focuses on metals and their alloys, their resistance to corrosion in a biological environment and protection against physiological stress. For this review, articles were selected to describe these aspects of metal alloys used in orthopedic applications based on a detailed electronic search. From this, it is concluded that resistance to corrosion and physiological stress are two aspects so crucial that many of the researches carried out aim to improve them to ensure the success of osteosynthesis and the satisfactory recovery of the patient.

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