Revisión: Métodos para la cuantificación de la proteína Β-Lactoglobulina (β-LG)
Autores/as
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Yamile Jiménez-Alfonso
Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-1466
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Claudia Pérez
docente
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0698-1826
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Roy José Andrade-Becerra
docente
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-2067
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33571/rpolitec.v20n40a3Palabras clave:
Globulinas, β-lactoglobulina, Proteínas de la leche, Proteínas de suero, Técnicas analíticasResumen
La β-lactoglobulina (β-LG) es la proteína que se encuentra en mayor proporción en el suero de leche y representa aproximadamente el 50% de la proteína total del suero y el 10% de la proteína total de la leche. La β-LG se caracteriza por ser una proteína globular de la familia de las lipocalinas, su función principal es la de transportar moléculas hidrofóbicas, además, es ampliamente estudiada por sus diversas propiedades tecnofuncionales, principalmente por su alto valor como ingrediente alimentario. Sin embargo, al no estar presente en la composición de la leche humana, es identificada como un alergeno, que puede representar un riesgo significativo en la salud de los lactantes. Por lo tanto, en los últimos años se han desarrollado varios métodos, que incluyen los espectrofotométricos, electroforéticos, inmunoensayos y cromatográficos para la separación y cuantificación de la β-LG en el lactosuero. Debido a que la cuantificación de esta proteína es fundamental para el procesamiento de la leche, la detección de productos lácteos adulterados y la generación de nuevos aportes en el campo de la investigación, es importante ampliar el conocimiento en cuanto a su fracción y al desarrollo de nuevos productos lácteos con propiedades específicas. En esta revisión se recopilan las diferentes metodologías y protocolos empleados en la cuantificación de la β-LG. Además, se discuten fundamentos, ventajas y limitaciones de cada uno de ellos, así como su proyección a futuro, con el fin de ampliar la visión respecto a la cuantificación de las proteínas del lactosuero en específico la β-LG
The β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) is the protein found in the highest proportion in whey and represents approximately 50% of the total whey protein and 10% of the total milk protein. The β-LG is characterized by being a globular protein of the lipocalin family, its main function is to transport hydrophobic molecules, in addition, it is widely studied for its various techno-functional properties, mainly for its high value as a food ingredient. However, since it is not present in the composition of human milk, it is identified as an allergen, which can represent a significant risk to the health of infants. Therefore, several methods have been developed in recent years, including spectrophotometric, electrophoretic, immunoassay and chromatographic methods for the separation and quantification of β-LG in whey. Because the quantification of this protein is fundamental for milk processing, detection of adulterated dairy products and generation of new contributions in the field of research, it is important to expand knowledge regarding its fraction and the development of new dairy products with specific properties. In this review, the different methodologies and protocols used in the quantification of β-LG are compiled. In addition, fundamentals, advantages and limitations of each one of them are discussed, as well as their future projection, in order to broaden the vision regarding the quantification of whey proteins, specifically β-LG.
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