Aireación en la tecnología Biofloc (BTF): principios básicos, aplicaciones y perspectivas Autores/as Alvaro Javier Piñeros-Roldan Universidad de los Llanos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-5527 Mariana Catalina Gutierrez-Espinosa Universidad de los Llanos https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-9955 Marina Lapa-Viana Asian Institute of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2254-2903 Mauricio Gustavo Coelho-Emerenciano CSIRO - Australia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1370-0316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33571/rpolitec.v16n31a3 Palabras clave: Biofloc, densidades de siembra, cultivo intensivo, peces, camarones, acuacultura, biomasa Resumen En un mundo globalizado de creciente población ávido por nutrientes para su alimentación, la proteína de origen acuática emerge como la gran alternativa nutricional del siglo. La disminución de sus recursos para la explotación (agua, tierra y personal) implica que se deba intensificar la producción de peces y camarones y una posibilidad para dicho establecimiento es la tecnología de biofloc (BFT en su sigla en inglés). Sin embargo, esta intensificación debe ser dada con principios de eficiencia técnica y económica, por lo tanto, un correcto diseño de la aeración es de fundamental importancia para mantener las partículas en suspensión, oxigenar y mover correctamente el agua. Unido a los alimentos concentrados, el costo energético (incluyendo la aeración) son de los más importantes costos de producción utilizando la tecnología BFT. Utilizando recambios mínimos o nulos, el número, tipo y distribución de los aparatos mecánicos de aeración son cruciales para el mantenimiento de la calidad de agua para las especies cultivadas y para los microorganismos que se encuentran inmiscuidos en el sistema. En este contexto, esta revisión pretende brindar una base teórica para el estudio e implementación de los sistemas de aireación en los sistemas BFT, además de trazar perspectivas futuras para estos componentes.In a globalized world with growing population avid for nutrients for their feeding, the aquatic originated protein emerges as the big nutritional alternative of the century. The reduction of their resources to the farming (water, field and human resource) implies that the fish and shrimp production has to be intensify and one of the possibilities for this development is Biofloc Technology (BFT). Nevertheless, this intensification has to be given with principles of economic and technical efficiency, therefore, a correct design of the aeration is a big principal to maintain the suspended particles, oxygenate and move the water correctly. The electricity (aeration included) join with the feed are the most important production costs using BFT. With water changes low or none of it, the number, type and distribution of the mechanical oxygenator devices are crucial to maintain the water quality for the cultivated species and for the microorganisms that are included on the system. In this context this revision pretends to present the basis for the study and implementation of the aeration systems on BFT, also drawing future perspectives for these components. Métricas de artículo Resumen: 2631 HTML: 3330 PDF: 1888 XML: 55 Métricas PlumX Biografía del autor/a Alvaro Javier Piñeros-Roldan, Universidad de los Llanos Médico Veterinario y Zootecnista, Estudiante Maestría en Acuicultura. Universidad de los Llanos, Instituto de Acuicultura de los Llanos. Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura y Limnología, Villavicencio, Colombia Mariana Catalina Gutierrez-Espinosa, Universidad de los Llanos Zootecnista, MSc en Acuicultura, cDra en Ciencias Agrarias, Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia. Marina Lapa-Viana, Asian Institute of Technology Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Construction Management Postgraduate Program (MPM/AIT), School of Engineering and Technology – CEIM, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Mauricio Gustavo Coelho-Emerenciano, CSIRO - Australia Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Aquaculture Laboratory (LAQ/UDESC), Laguna, SC, Brazil and Animal Science Postgraduate Program (PPGZOO/UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil. Present address:CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Centre, Bribie Island, QLD, Australia. Citas FAO. Estado mundial de la pesca y la acuicultura - contribución a la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición para todos. Roma2016 FAO. El estado mundial de la pesca y la acuicultura 2018. Cumplir los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. Roma. 2018 Hardgreaves, J. "Biofloc production system for aquaculture " Southern Regional Aquaculture Center 4503. 2013 Tidwell, J. Aquaculture production systems, Wiley-Blackwell.434. 2012 Vinatea, L. Princípios químicos de qualidade de água em aquacultura: Uma revisão para peixes e camarões. Florianapolis2004 Atencio-Garcia, V. J., V. M. Pertuz-Buelvas, S. B. Bru-Cordero and J. E. Ayazo-Genes. Curso teorico-práctico tecnológia en cultivo biofloc. C. d. I. P. d. l. U. d. C. CINPIC. Colombia, Universidad de Cordoba. 2013 Seibert, C. H. and A. R. Pinto. "Challenges in shrimp aquaculture due to viral diseases: Distribution and biology of the five major penaeid viruses and interventions to avoid viral incidence and dispersion." Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] 43(3). 857-864. 2012 Zorriehzahra, J. and R. Banaederakhshan. "Early mortality syndrome (ems) as new emerging threat in shrimp industry." Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 3. 64-72. 2015 Martínez-Cordero, F. J. and E. Z. Sánchez. Enfermedades emergentes y cultivo de tilapia: Modelo conceptual de analisis de impactos en mexico del virus del lago de tilapia (tilv). LAQUA17, Mazatlan, Mexico, WAS.168. Year Stokstad, E. Down on the shrimp farm, American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2010 Emerenciano, M. G. C., L. R. Martínez-Córdova, M. Martínez-Porchas and A. Miranda-Baeza. Biofloc technology (bft): A tool for water quality management in aquaculture. Water quality, InTech. 2017 Emerenciano, M. G. C., G. Gaxiola and G. Cuzon. Biofloc technology (bft): A review for aquaculture application and animal food industry. Biomass now - cultivation and utilization. 2013 Avnimelech, Y., P. Schryver, M. G. C. Emerenciano, D. Kuhn, A. Ray and N. Taw. Biofloc technology - a practical guide book. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States2015 Schryver, P., R. Crab, T. Defoirt, N. Boon and V. W. "The basics of biofloc technology: The added value for aquaculture." Aquaculture 277. 125-137. 2008 Avnimelech, Y. "Carbon/nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems." Aquaculture 176. 227-235. 1999 Schenider, O., V. Sereti and J. A. J. Verret. "Analysis of nutrient flows in integrated intensive aquaculture systems." Aquacult Eng 32(3-4). 379-401. 2005 Samocha, T. M., I. M. Lopez, E. R. Jones, S. Jackson and A. L. Lawrence. "Characterization of intake and effluent waters from intensive and semi‐intensive shrimp farms in texas." Aquaculture research 35(4). 321-339. 2004 Ebeling, J. M., M. B. Timmons and J. J. Bisogni. "Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic removal of ammonia–nitrogen in aquaculture systems." Aquaculture 257(1). 346-358. 2006 Van Wyk, P. Production of l. Vannamei in recirculating aquaculture systems: Management and design considerations. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Recirculation Aquaculture. T. T. Rakestraw, L. S. Douglas, L. Marsh et al. Roanoke, Virginia: 38-47. 2006 FAO). "Métodos sencillos para la acuicultura." Coleccion FAO Capacitación Retrieved Marzo, 2015, from ftp://ftp.fao.org/fi/CDrom/FAO_training/FAO_training/general/x6709s/Index.htm.Pages. 2003 Boyd, C. "Pond water aeration systems." Aquacult Eng 18. 9-40. 1998 Rogers, G. "Varied aerator designs provide oxygenation, mixing in biofloc systems." Global Aquaculture Advocate 13(5). 50,51. 2010 Vinatea, L. Vinatea, l. Princípios químicos de qualidade da água em aqüicultura, segunda edição revisada e ampliada. Florianópolis, Editorial UFSC2004 Vinatea, L. and J. Carvalho. "Influence of water salinity on the sotr of paddlewheel and propeller-aspirator-pump aerators, its relation to the number of aerators per hectare and electricity costs." Aquacult Eng 37. 73-78. 2007 Tucker, C. "Pond aeration." Southern Regional Aquaculture Center 3700. 8. 2005 Cancino, B. "Design of high efficiency surface aerators: Part 2. Rating of surface aerator rotors. ." Aquacult Eng 31(1-2). 99-115. 2004 Monroy-Dosta, M., R. Lara-Andrade, J. Castro-Mejia, G. Castro-Mejia and M. Coelho-Emereciano. "Composición y abundancia de comunidades microbianas asociadas al biofloc en un cultivo de tilapia." Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografía 48(3). 511-520. 2013 Krummenauer, D., L. Poersch and G. Fóes. "Sistemas de injetores de ar nos cultivos superintensivos em meio aos bioflocos." Panorama da Aquicultura. 25-31. 2016 Lara, G., D. Krummenauer, P. C. Abreu, L. H. Poersch and W. Wasielesky. "The use of different aerators on litopenaeus vannamei biofloc culture system: Effects on water quality, shrimp growth and biofloc composition." Aquaculture International 25(1). 147-162. 2017 Creswell, L. R. and F. Hoff. Aquaculture desk reference, Florida Aqua Farms Incorporated2000 Pöpel, H. J. and M. Wagner. "Prediction of oxygen transfer from simple measurements of bubble characteristics." Wat. Sci. Tech. 23. 1941-1950. 1991 Motarjemi, M. and G. J. Jameson. "Mass tranfer from very small bubbles - the optimun bubble size for aeration." Chem Eng-New York 33. 1415-1423. 1978 Hauser, M. J. B., J. Oberender, S. Richter and S. C. Muller. "Interfacial turbulence enhances oxygen transport into shallow liquid layers." Physica D 205. 170-180. 2005 Schierholza, E. L., J. S. Gulliverb, S. C. Wilhelmsc and H. E. Hennemand. "Gas transfer from air diffusers." Water Res 40. 1018-1026. 2006 Lima-Neto, I. E. "Modeling the liquid volume flux in bubbly jets using a simple integral approach. ." J Hydraul Eng-Asce 138(2). 210-215. 2012; Lima-Neto, I. E. "Turbulência induzida por jatos bifásicos do tipo gás-líquido em tanques de aeração." Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental 15(1). 75-82. 2010 Burford, M. A. "Microbial communities affect water quality shrimp performance at belize aquaculture." Global Aquaculture Alliance. 2003 Lawson, T. B. and G. E. Merry. Procedures for evaluating low-power surface aerators under field conditions. Techniques for Modern Aquaculture. P. o. a. A. E. C. ASAE. Michigan, USA: 511. 1993 Liang, W., G. Luo, H. Tan, N. Ma, N. Zhang and L. Li. "Efficiency of biofloc technology in suspended growth reactors treating aquacultural solid under intermittent aeration." Aquacult Eng 59. 41-47. 2014 Vinatea, L. "Oxygen consumption of litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in heterotrophic medium with zero water exchange." Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 44. 534-538. 2009 Vinatea, L., W. Muedas and R. Arantes. "The impact of oxygen consumption by the shrimp litopenaeus vannamei according to body weight, temperature, salinity and stocking density on pond aeration: A simulation." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 33(2). 2011 Vinatea, L., A. O. Gálvez, C. L. Browdy, A. Stokes, J. Venero, J. Haveman, B. L. Lewis, A. Lawson, A. Shuler and J. W. Leffler. "Photosynthesis, water respiration and growth performance of litopenaeus vannamei in a super-intensive raceway culture with zero water exchange: Interaction of water quality variables." Aquacultural Engineering 42(1). 17-24. 2010 Taw, N. "Commercial shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) farming using biofloc system." 2010 Ebeling, J. M. and M. B. Timmons. Recirculation aquaculture systems. Aquaculture production systems. J. Tidwell. New Delhi, India, Wiley-Blackwell: 245-277. 2012 Avnimelech, Y. Biofloc technology - a practical guide book, World Aquaculture Society2009 Browdy, C. L., A. Ray, J. W. Leffler and Y. Avnimelech. Biofloc-based aquaculture system. Aquaculture production systems J. H. Tidwell. New Delhi, India, Wiley-Blackwell. 1. 2012 Descargas HTML PDF XML Publicado 2020-05-30 Cómo citar Piñeros-Roldan, A. J., Gutierrez-Espinosa, M. C., Lapa-Viana, M., & Coelho-Emerenciano, M. G. (2020). Aireación en la tecnología Biofloc (BTF): principios básicos, aplicaciones y perspectivas. Revista Politécnica, 16(31), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.33571/rpolitec.v16n31a3 Más formatos de cita ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Descargar cita Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Número Vol. 16 Núm. 31: Enero-Junio, 2020 Sección Artículos Licencia _
